Urban malaria is on the rise in Cotonou due to rapid urbanization and development activities. However, malaria transmission depends on several factors. Hydrology is a key
factor that influences the presence of suitable habitats for the development of Anopheles larvae, thereby affecting survival of the malaria vector. For a long time, clean water bodies were thought to be the favorite Anopheles gambiae s.l. breeding sites. Nowadays,
Anopheles gambiae s.l. is found in polluted waters, which used to
be only favorable for the development of Culex quinquefaciatus. The current study was designed to assess both the water quality of Anopheles breeding sites and the ability of Anopheles larvae to develop in polluted water bodies.